Calories for 1 Oz of Grilled Beef
From offscreen friendships and jarring pay inequality to the special effects and makeup tricks that brought some of the world's favorite picture show characters to life, The Wizard of Oz (1939) had so much going on behind the emerald drapery and the Technicolor gloss of an amazing fantasy globe.
In honor of the 80th anniversary of the movie, follow the yellowish brick slideshow to peek backside that curtain and acquire more than near the secrets and fun facts that brand the beloved film a timeless classic.
Margaret Hamilton Was a Fan Earlier the Film
As a self-proclaimed lifelong fan of 50. Frank Baum's Oz series, Margaret Hamilton was thrilled to exist considered for a role in the 1939 flick adaptation. Hamilton chosen her amanuensis to ask which grapheme the producers wanted her to play, and her agent famously said, "The witch — who else?"
Hamilton, a single mother, fought MGM for an agreed upon amount of guaranteed work time. Three days earlier filming began, the studio agreed to a five-week deal. In the cease, Hamilton was on set for three months, but many of her scenes were cut for being as well scary for audiences.
Dorothy'southward Original Look Was More than Movie Star Than Farm Girl
Certain, Dorothy Gale doesn't need prosthetics or aluminum makeup, just that doesn't hateful Judy Garland wasn't put through the costume department wringer. Although she was young at the time, the 16-yr-former Garland had to habiliment a corset-similar device so she looked more like a preadolescent child.
Director Richard Thorpe suggested Garland wear a blonde wig and loads of "baby-doll" makeup (equally any preadolescent girl would…). Luckily, that vision of the character inverse. After MGM fired Thorpe, the intermediate director George Cukor nixed the heavy makeup and wig. Instead, he told Garland to be herself. Smart movement.
The "Skywriting" Scene Employed Some Great Motion-picture show Magic
The Magician of Oz employs a lot of groovy moving-picture show tricks, and some of the near unique were used in the skywriting scene. In information technology, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) flies above the Emerald City, leaving the phrase "Surrender Dorothy" in her wake in blackness smoke.
Using a hypodermic needle, the special effects squad spread black ink across the bottom of a glass tank that was filled with a thick, tinted liquid (some speculate milk). They wrote the phrase in reverse and filmed the scene from below. Initially, the skywriting ended with the ominous "Or Dice — W W Westward."
The "Snow" in the Poppy Field Was Actually Dangerous
One of the Wicked Witch'south last-ditch efforts to impede Dorothy's quest to encounter the Wonderful Wizard of Oz involves a poppy field and some magical sleep-inducing snow. While many like to joke that the poppies and their drowsiness are the result of opium (a component of poppies), the scene has a much more than blatant toxic connection than that.
All that magical snow? It's actually 100% industrial-grade chrysotile asbestos. Even though the health risks associated with the material were known at the time, it was still Hollywood'southward preferred option for faux snow. Our advice to Dorothy? Don't catch any snowflakes on your tongue.
Scarecrow's Makeup Stuck Around for Awhile
In the end, Ray Bolger (Scarecrow) was probably grateful in more means than 1 for Buddy Ebsen (the original Tin can Human's) willingness to merchandise parts with him. The Tin Man'southward aluminum makeup caused a huge corporeality of issues for Ebsen, who was replaced by Jack Haley.
Although Bolger's makeup experience was better than Ebsen's, he yet had some bug. The Scarecrow'due south makeup consisted of a rubber prosthetic, complete with a woven pattern that mimicked the wait of burlap. After the film wrapped, the prosthetic left patterns on Bolger's face that took more a year to fade.
Margaret Hamilton Was Burned On Fix
In a flare-up of flames and cherry fume, the Wicked Witch (Margaret Hamilton) vanishes from Munchkinland. Although the scene is terrifying for viewers, it may have instilled more fright for Hamilton. On the first take, the smoke rose from a hidden trapdoor besides early on.
For the 2d have, Hamilton stood on the trapdoor equally planned, but her greatcoat snagged on the platform when the fire flared upward. Her copper-containing makeup heated up instantly, causing second- and third-degree burns on her easily and face. To make matters worse, the coiffure tried to remedy her burns with (an even more painful) acetone solvent.
The Flying Monkeys Became Falling Monkeys
The Wicked Witch's legion of flying monkeys — or Winged Monkeys as they're chosen in the source material — have certainly been a source of terror for generations. Almost equally scary equally the Witch herself, these henchmen soar onto the scene to kidnap Dorothy and Toto — thanks to the magic of piano wires.
Notwithstanding, the aerial stunt went amiss when several of the piano wires snapped, sending actors plummeting a few feet to the soundstage floor. To create such a vast troupe of monkeys (and cut down on human marionettes), filmmakers made miniature safety monkeys to help populate the sky.
"Over the Rainbow" Was Almost on the Cutting Room Floor
To no i's surprise, the American Moving picture Constitute ranked "Over the Rainbow" #1 on a list of 100 Greatest Songs in American Films. Merely what may surprise you lot? The (arguably) almost iconic song of Judy Garland's career was nearly cut from the film.
Studio execs at MGM idea the song made the Kansas scenes as well long. Moreover, filmmakers were concerned that children wouldn't sympathise the song'southward meaning. Luckily, this unfounded concern melted like lemon drops. Unfortunately, Garland'due south tearful reprise of the song was left on the cutting room floor.
The Tin Man Costume Didn't Allow Jack Haley to Rest Easy
Although Bert Lahr had to schlep around in a 90-pound panthera leo costume, Jack Haley didn't accept it easy either. From the lingering concerns near the aluminum paste-based makeup on his face and hands to the minimal flexibility of the "can" trunk and arms, Haley faced some challenges.
Reportedly, his costume was then stiff that he had to lean confronting a board to rest properly. Many years later, actor Anthony Daniels, known for playing the protocol droid C-3PO in the Star Wars films, had the same outcome with his rigid costume. Information technology seems even fantasy and sci-fi can't assist folks escape all their problems.
The Original Tin Human Was Rushed to the Hospital
Initially, Buddy Ebsen was bandage as the Scarecrow, simply traded parts with Ray Bolger. However, Ebsen's new character, the Tin Homo, caused him a world of bug. Namely, the character's silver makeup independent a harmful aluminum dust that coated Ebsen's lungs.
To make matters worse, Ebsen had an allergic reaction, and, unable to breathe, he was rushed to the hospital. MGM recast the role with Jack Haley (and changed up the makeup), only didn't explicate why Ebsen "dropped out." Although Ebsen didn't appear in the final picture show, his vocals can be heard in "We're Off to See the Wizard."
A Stocking & Some Miniatures Gave Us the Tornado
The tornado that strikes the Gale homestead is full of practical special furnishings that really hold upward. The funnel itself was actually a 35-human foot long stocking fabricated of muslin. The special effects team spun it around miniatures that resembled the farms and fields of Kansas. Against the painted backdrop, the tornado looks menacing.
The Gale business firm, which falls from the heaven and into Oz, is merely a miniature house that was dropped onto a sky painting. Filmmakers then reversed the footage to brand it look like the business firm was falling out of the clouds.
Hollywood Didn't Pay Up Then Either
Pay inequality has ever been an issue in Hollywood. For example, Adriana Caselotti, voice of the titular grapheme in Walt Disney'due south Snow White and the Vii Dwarfs (1937), made $970 for her performance. The film went on to make roughly $8 million.
Co-ordinate to the Los Angeles Times, Judy Garland's pay was meliorate than Caselotti's — playing Dorothy earned her $500 a week — but information technology yet didn't reflect the picture'due south success. Even more discouraging, the folks who portrayed the citizens of Munchkinland were paid a mere $l per week. (Meanwhile, Terry the canis familiaris earned $125 per week equally Toto. A real yikes.)
Bert Lahr's Panthera leo Costume Was Taxing
Originally, MGM thought it might cast its mascot — the bodily lion used in the studio'south title carte du jour — as the cowardly grapheme. Fortunately, for the condom of the actors and the fauna, the filmmakers decided to bandage thespian Bert Lahr equally the anthropomorphic graphic symbol instead.
To make a convincing creature, the costume department fashioned Lahr a 90-pound outfit made from real king of beasts pare. Withal, the arc lights used on set made things a steamy 100 degrees during filming, which meant Lahr did a lot of sweating unrelated to his character'southward nerves. Each nighttime, two stagehands dried the costume for the next day.
The Initial Box Function Returns Were Uneven
The motion-picture show started shooting in October of 1938 but didn't wrap until March of 1939, racking up an unheard of $2,777,000 in costs. That'south virtually $fifty 1000000 adjusted for inflation. Upon its initial release, the movie just earned $3 million at the box office — about $51.8 million by today's standards.
Although that seems impressive for a Depression-era film, remember that Disney made $8 million with Snowfall White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937). The Magician of Oz'due south minor success in the U.Due south. barely covered production and film rights' costs — MGM paid $75,000 to the publisher for those — merely success overseas fortunately bolstered the pic's returns.
The Dark Side of Oz in a Time Before "Me Too"
Judy Garland was only 16 years old when she was cast equally Dorothy. Insecure and lonesome, she became addicted to amphetamines and barbiturates, which were ofttimes given to immature actors to help them slumber after studios shot them upward with adrenaline and then they could work long hours.
The spotlight — and her damaging contract with MGM — didn't aid, leading to her lifelong struggles with an eating disorder and alcoholism. Co-ordinate to a writer for Express, "[Garland] was molested by older men, including studio chiefs [and caput Louis B. Mayer], who considered her trivial more than their 'property.'" Moreover, MGM forced Garland to stick to a wildly unhealthy nutrition of cigarettes, coffee and chicken soup.
The Vocalism of Snow White Had a Cameo
A few years before The Wizard of Oz debuted, Walt Disney's feature-length animated film Snow White and the Seven Dwarfs (1937) became a smash-hitting. Non only did the film revolutionize the animation manufacture, information technology also reinvigorated the fantasy genre.
Disney wanted to follow upwards Snow White — then the virtually successful film of all time — with an adaptation of The Sorcerer of Oz, only MGM owned the rights. By happenstance, Adriana Caselotti, who voiced Snow White, had an uncredited role in Oz. During the Tin Human being's "If I Only Had a Heart," Caselotti speaks her sole line, "Wherefore art thou Romeo?"
The Reddish Slippers Are Props & Treasured Artifacts
Keeping in line with the volume, Dorothy's iconic footwear was originally silverish, only screenwriter Noel Langley felt the red colour would actually pop in glorious Technicolor. Designed by MGM's chief costume designer Gilbert Adrian, the shoes are each covered in about 2,300 sequins.
One of the remaining pairs is on view in the Smithsonian Institution'south National Museum of American History. Since the brandish is so heavily trafficked, the museum has replaced the carpet there several times. Another pair were stolen from Minnesota's Judy Garland Museum in 2005, simply the FBI recovered the slippers for the establishment in 2018.
Only 1 Sequence Was Filmed "On Location"
The Wizard of Oz is your classic adventure story, and Dorothy's quest leads her from a Kansas subcontract to another world — complete with corn fields, poppy-filled meadows and forests. However, despite all these breathtaking locations, nearly all the scenes were shot on a soundstage.
Equally was customary at the fourth dimension, immense, detailed backdrops were painted by studio artists, making it possible for filmmakers to transport audiences to far away places without filming on location. In fact, the simply location footage in the moving-picture show is the opening title sequence — those clouds are 100% the real bargain.
A 2nd Toto Was Brought In
Toto, played primarily by Terry, is one of the most dearest dogs in film history. Terry was famously not a huge fan of special effects and can often be seen running out of a shot when something loud or alarming happens — like when the Can Human being spouts out all of that steam.
After one of the Witch's guards accidentally stepped on her, Terry was on bedrest for ii weeks. Filmmakers went through two doubles to find i that resembled the original canine actor more closely.
Fun fact: Judy Garland was and then addicted of Terry that she wanted to adopt the dog.
Margaret Hamilton "Mourns the Wicked" Witch
In improver to existence a huge fan of the Oz books, Margaret Hamilton also believed her character was more than than only your run-of-the-mill evil villain. More than than 35 years after the film debuted, Hamilton, donning her Witch'due south costume to testify kids it was brand-believe, appeared on Mister Rogers' Neighborhood, where Fred Rogers interviewed her about the grapheme.
According to Hamilton, the so-called Wicked Witch relished everything she did, simply she was also a sad, lonely effigy. In short, things never went well for the frustrated Witch. Oddly enough, the Broadway musical Wicked also takes this approach to the Witch'due south grapheme.
The "Horse of a Different Color" Was Fabricated Possible Thanks to a Nutrient Production
In 1939, audiences were but as amazed every bit Dorothy, Scarecrow, Tin can Homo and the Cowardly Panthera leo when the horse in Emerald Urban center took on a rainbow of colors. This "horse of a different color" was made possible thanks to a surprising food item…
Clot-O crystals were used to color the horses, which meant filmmakers had to move apace — the animals were eager to lick up the sweet treat. Simply the colorful steed isn't the only interesting component in this fan-favorite scene. The equus caballus-fatigued carriage was once endemic past President Abraham Lincoln and now resides at the Judy Garland Museum.
The Makeup Department Hired on Extra Hands
From the citizens of Munchkinland and Emerald City to the Witch's flying monkeys, then many actors had to undergo a makeup transformation in order to requite life to this fantasy film. To keep upwards with the daily demands, MGM called upon workers from the studio mailroom and courier service to manage makeup stations.
Since most of the Ozian ensemble required prosthetics, makeup artists — and "makeshift" artists — formed a kind of costuming assembly line. Nearly actors had to go far before 5:00 in the morning — six days a calendar week! — to begin the intensive process.
Memorable (& Oft Misquoted) Lines Fill the Picture show
The film is chock-full of iconic, memorable songs, and it has the dandy fortune of being responsible for some of the nearly quoted lines in movie history as well. In 2007, Premiere compiled a list of "The 100 Greatest Movie Lines" and placed a whopping three of the picture show'south lines on the list.
"Pay no attention to that man backside the curtain" was voted #24, while "There'south no place like home" nabbed the 11th spot. Finally, the frequently misquoted "Toto, I take a feeling we're not in Kansas anymore" landed in the 62nd spot.
The Witch'south Burn down Employed Some Technical Wizardry (& Juice)
Clearly, the technical wizardry — or witchcraft — in the moving picture is incredible. Similar the "equus caballus of a different colour" sequence, another iconic, special furnishings-heavy scene harnessed the power of everyday household items to pull off fun tricks.
Shortly later Dorothy arrives in Munchkinland, the Wicked Witch tries to snatch the ruby slippers from the immature daughter'southward anxiety. Still, fire strikes the Witch's hands, repelling her. This "burn down" is actually apple juice spouting from the slippers in a sped-up clip to arrive await more flame-similar.
Technicolor Required Some Ingenuity in the Props Department
Experimenting with Technicolor was part fun and part problem-solving for filmmakers. In social club to properly capture scenes with the Technicolor camera, the soundstage needed to be lit with arc lights, which often heated the prepare to a toasty 100 degrees.
Subsequently the lights were gear up, the experts experimented with what would expect best on film, peculiarly in colorized class. For example, the white part of Dorothy's apparel is really pink — simply because it filmed better. And the oil the Tin Man is so excited about? It's actually chocolate syrup.
The Wicked Witch of the East Makes More than Than One Appearance
Part of the Wicked Witch of the West's beef with Dorothy is that the immature girl dropped a house on her sister, the Wicked Witch of the East, who was the curt-lived possessor of the ruddy slippers. Although Margaret Hamilton already plays both the Wicked Witch of the Westward and her Kansas counterpart Almira Gulch, she also plays the Wicked Witch of the East — if simply briefly.
During the tornado sequence, an addled Dorothy looks out her bedroom window and watches Gulch transform into a witch, her shoes shimmering. For fans, this glint indicates the witch outside the window is wearing the ruby slippers. The restored version of the moving-picture show makes that shimmer fifty-fifty more noticeable.
The Film's Running Time Was Cutting Downwards Several Times
The first cut of the film clocked in at a running fourth dimension of 120 minutes. Although that seems like nothing by today'due south Marvel movie standards, producer Mervyn LeRoy felt it was long and unwieldy and wanted to chop off xx minutes.
After cutting the famed "Jitterbug" number (summit right) and an extended Scarecrow trip the light fantastic toe sequence, the film was 112 minutes long. LeRoy held a 2d preview screening, and, later, nixed Dorothy's "Over the Rainbow" reprise, an Emerald City reprise of "Ding! Dong! The Witch Is Dead," a scene where the Tin Man becomes a human beehive (Yikes!) and a few Kansas sequences.
So Much for a "Wicked" Witch
Filmmakers deemed Margaret Hamilton'due south Wicked Witch of the W operation too frightening for audiences and cut or trimmed many of her scenes. But not everyone thought her functioning was terrifying — namely Judy Garland, who played the Wicked Witch's nemesis, Dorothy Gale.
Off-screen, the film's starring foes were really friends. 1 story that emerged from the set described Garland excitedly showing off a wearing apparel to Hamilton, declaring she was going to habiliment it for her graduation. Unfortunately, MGM'southward Louis B. Mayer sent Garland on a press tour the mean solar day of her graduation. Upset, Hamilton phoned Mayer and chewed him out.
Giving Credit to Technicolor
In the opening credits, the text reads "Photographed in Technicolor," equally opposed to the more apt "Color Sequences past Technicolor." The phrasing of the credits makes information technology seem as though the entire film was shot in color. Was this done deliberately, or was it a minor syntactical imitation pas?
It's widely believed this was a bit of a stunt done to heighten the surprise of the picture turning into total iii-strip Technicolor when Dorothy arrives in Oz. Posters made at the time of the moving-picture show'south debut made no mention of sepia tint (or "black-and-white"), adding acceptance to this theory.
One of History's Well-nigh-Watched Films
Although The Magician of Oz proved popular in theaters, some other flick released the same year, too directed by Victor Fleming, actually topped the box office. (You may have heard of that little film — it's chosen Gone with the Wind.) Nevertheless, MGM'south musical fantasy may have more staying ability than other films of the era, thanks in part to re-releases.
The motion-picture show was first circulate on television on Nov 3, 1956, and garnered an impressive 44 million viewers. It'due south believed that The Wizard of Oz is one of the 10 well-nigh-watched feature-length movies in pic history, largely due to the number of almanac television screenings, theater viewings and various format re-releases.
Source: https://www.ask.com/tvmovies/wizard-of-oz-facts?utm_content=params%3Ao%3D740004%26ad%3DdirN%26qo%3DserpIndex
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